Spring Break!

Assignment Due on Tuesday April 6:

Over break your assignment is to read and take notes on Chapter 18 (Social Psych) objective 1-12. Be prepared for a possible vocab quiz when you return!

Also: You may also want to do some fun review for the AP exam, which is coming soon!
Here are some useful ideas:

1. Go to www.ikeepbookmarks.com/lara_herrera and go throught the folders for the different chapters, checking out my favorite links!

2. Watch the MTV True Life episodes related to disorders on MTV.com.

3. Got to the website for your textbook, www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e and try the practice quizzes and PsychSim activities

4. Get an AP Psych exam review book! Go to amazon.com, bn.com, half.com, or ebay.com and search ap psychology review. One psych teachers' favorite is 5 Steps to a 5, but Princeton Review and Barron's are also great. Get them used online for cheap! You can also buy them at Barnes and Nobles or Borders, or just sit and read them right there at the bookstore! They have great practice exams in the back- see how you score!

Technology Assignment and Extra Credit Assignment

Today you will visit a couple of different websites and activities to better understand concepts in chapter 15.

FIRST, TAKE A CHAPTER 15 QUIZ:

1. Go to http://bcs.worthpublishers.com/myers8e/

2. Sign in. You should already have a password.

3. Once in go to Chapter 15 and take the quiz(zes).

THEN, DO SOME INTERESTING PERSONALITY TESTS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE CHAPTER, AND YOURSELF, BETTER!!!...

4. Complete personality test for a Myers-Briggs type: http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes1.htm

5. Click on the Do It! Button. Complete quiz. What is your Myers-Briggs Personality type (four letter abbreviation)?

6. Now go here:
http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/Scroll down to the box of four-letter personality type combos, and click on the one you scored in the test you just took. Copy and paste the four letter type and the description into your email, you’ll want to have it for the extra credit personality box!
(Mrs. Herrera is an INFP! What are you?)


7. Ok, almost done! Take another Myers-Briggs type test to confirm your results at: http://www.kisa.ca/personality/

8. Explore any of the following websites (OPTIONAL):
• Fun personality test: http://www.personalitytest.net/funtest/index.htm • Classics in the History of Psych: http://psychclassics.asu.edu/index.htm• Personality Project: http://fas.psych.nwu.edy/personality.html
• Various Personality Tests about love and such: http://www.2h.com/Tests/personality.phtml• Implicit Associations Test: http://www.tolerance.org/hidden_bias/index.html or https://implicit.harvard.edu/

EXTRA CREDIT: MY PERSONALITY BOX
Instructions: Get a box (a shoebox, etc) to decorate. Use your personality handout from class for ideas. Follow the format below:
A. Decorate the inside of the box to show your personality from the Psychodynamic Perspective and the Humanistic Perspective. This is who you are on the "inside!"
1. Psychodynamic Perspective: choose three of the inside walls of the box to decorate to illustrate the psychodynamic perspective. You may do whatever you'd like to illustrate what might be in your unconscious mind on those three walls. Some possible ideas:
- illustrate your defense mechanisms
- write some Freudian slips you've made
- illustrate a scene from one of your dreams and interpret it's latent content
2. Humanistic Perspective - attach your "perceived self" description to one inside wall, and your "ideal self" description to another inside wall.
B. Decorate the outside to show your personality from the Trait Perspective and the Social-Cultural Perspective. This is who you are on the "outside!"
1. Trait Perspective: choose two of the outside walls to decorate. Include in the decor your result from the Myers-Briggs test (the four letter type you are) and some key words to describe you. Make it pretty!
2. Social-Cultural Perspective: decorate the other two outside walls to show who you are in relation to others in your family, culture, peers. You may use photos or magazine clippings!

COME TO THE AFTER SCHOOL REVIEW ON TUESDAY MARCH 2 FOR MORE EXPLANATION, DISCUSSION AND PRACTICE!!!

AP Psychology: Personality Extra Credit for Review

Personality Free Response Question

Explain how each of the four perspectives from the chapter on personality would examine your personality. Pretend that you're a psychologist, and use your own personality as a case study!

The perspectives are

• Psychodynamic
• Humanistic
• Trait
• Social-Cultural

A. Identify the basic principles of each perspective on personality.

B. Then, explain for each perspective:

1. What aspects of your personality would be your focus?
2. How would you assess or measure these aspects of your personality? Explain the likely findings.
3. Describe the possible origins or causes of these aspects of your personality.

Review for your Midterm!!!

Hey AP Psychos! I'm having some tech issues with Google Docs, so I'm just copy/pasting the essentials for you below.

I will choose one of the three Free Response Questions below to be on your midterm. Prepare an answer for all three and you will gain valuable info for both the essay and the multiple choice parts of the exam!

QUESTION #1

Describe a specific example that clearly demonstrates an understanding of how each of the following concepts can lead to an inaccurate perception, cognition, or conclusion. Each example must include an explanation of the relationship between the concept and the inaccuracy.

Afterimage effect (chapter 5)

Lack of object permanence (chapter 4)

Nonrandom assignment of research participants (chapter 1)

Proactive interference (chapter 9)

QUESTION #2

Psychologists conduct research to investigate controversial issues. Consider the following:

Nature and Nurture

Continuity versus Stages: The belief of continuous development versus stage theories (Erikson, Piaget) of development (chapter 4)

Dreaming (chapter 7)

Explanations of hypnosis (chapter 7)

Part A. Describe opposing points of view on each of the psychological issues listed above. If there are more than two theories for an issue, choose two to describe.

Part B. For each issue, choose one point of view to support. Using evidence from psychological research, justify why you think this point of view is correct.

QUESTION #3

Time is an important variable in many psychological concepts. Describe a specific example that clearly demonstrates an understanding of each of the following concepts and how it relates to or is affected by time. Use a different example for each concept.

Critical period (chapter 4)

Fluid intelligence (chapter 4)

Refractory period in neural firing (chapter 2)

Sound localization (chapter 5)

Next, here are some useful charts and simple lists to help you study:

Research Data and Methods

	Key Concepts	Advantages	Disadvantages
Research	Scientific Method Theory Hypotheses Operational definitions Replication Validity/reliability	Dispel “Belief Bias” Dispel illusory correlations Informs Basic Research (knowledge) and Applied (practical solutions) Research Longitudinal/Cross-sectional design	Ethical or methodological breaches
Descriptive Methods	Case Studies Surveys Correlational Studies – how two or more factors relate to each other Direct correlation Indirect (inverse) correlation	Detailed study of 1 or more cases in great depth to suggest hypotheses to test, i.e Freud’s cases, Piaget’s children A method to describe and make correlations; many “cases, ” less depth compared to case studies; data based on individual reports/opinions Some “economy” reaching larger numbers of respondents, perhaps using mailouts. May be used to predict tendencies, never causal (cause and effect) relationships	Given cases may be atypical, limited generalizability to larger groups (external validity) Wording effects/”framing” issues, i.e. “aid to the needy” or “welfare;” Sampling errors like sample size (too small) or sample selection (not random)
Experimental Methods	Experiments	Clearest way to determine cause and effect relationship by manipulating a variable (IV) and recording changes in the dependent variable (DV) Control – random selection of subjects and random assignment to experimental and control groups; Single/double blind to control placebo Objective (statistical data) comparisons, i.e. central tendency (means/medians) and variability (standard deviation)	Confounding/extraneous (uncontrolled) variables bias results. Laboratory presents an “artificial” situation that may reduce real-world application or generalizability (external validity). Methodological Errors (internal validity) Experimenter Bias/Expectancy effects Conditional bias (physical) – temperature, time of day Order effects

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AP PSYCH EXAM REVIEW SHEET: Famous Contributors and Experiments

Roger Sperry = The first to propose "split-brain surgery" to help epileptic patients.

Jean Piaget = Proposed four stages of cognitive development. (Remember the acronym Socks Pulled Over Cold Feet to remember these in order.) Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete, and Formal Stages.

Erik Erikson = Proposed eight stages of psychosocial development. (KNOW THESE!!)

Lawrence Kohlberg = Proposed three stages of MORAL development. (all framed around the word conventional.) This theory was criticized as it only tested young children by framing hypothetical situations for them and their responses to these. It did not test cross-culturally and between the genders.

Konrad Lorentz = Imprinting studies. Showed how baby animals would follow the first object they saw after birth. Believed to be a built-in survival mechanism.

Jerome Kagan = Studies to indicate that in-born temperament may explain many behaviors.

Harry Harlow = Showed importance of physical touch over nourishment in infant monkeys.

Mary Ainsworth = Secure infants have good bonds with mothers. Reverse is also true.

Elenor Gibson = The "visual cliff experiment". Showed that depth perception cues are innate.

Hubel and Weisel = Studies with monkeys to show that they had specific FEATURE DECECTORS to aid them in visual processing. (Some for lines, bars, edges, shapes, etc.)

Ernest Hilgard = Studies showing that a hypnotic trance includes a "hidden observer' suggesting that there is some subconscious control during hypnosis.

Ivan Pavlov = Famous for his classical conditioning experiments.

Robert Rescorla = Proposed that there is conscious connection between the CS and the DCS in classical conditioning experiments. (A smoker is aware that a nausea-producing drug will affect his behavior.)

John B. Watson = Famous for the controversial Little Albert classical conditioning experiment.

B.F. Skinner = Famous for me "Skinner Box to demonstrate operant conditioning in low level animals.

Albert Bandura = “Bo-Bo Doll" Experiment to demonstrate how children imitate anti-social behavior.

Wolfgang Kohler = Demonstrated the use of "insight" in apes when they used sticks to reach a banana that was out of reach.

Stanford-Binet = Modern IQ formula. MA divided by CA times 100.

David Wechsler = modern IQ tests with specialized subtests and use of factor analysis.

Abraham Maslow = The humanistic perspective

Elizabeth Loftus - ''Misinformation Effect" shown in memory studies.

Martin Seligman = "Learned Helplessness Experiment" with dogs. Showed the external locus affect in animals (generalized to depression with humans.)

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Confusing Pairs

Independent Variable (What is tested) vs. Dependent Variable (What is measured)

(Ex: Recess to test attention span; recess is independent, attention span is dependent)

Random selection (of subjects for a study) vs. Random Assignment (of subjects to experimental or control groups in a study)

Experimental Group (group that is tested) vs. Control Group (compared to the experimental, i.e. receives the placebo in a drug experiment.)

Left Brain (Language and Logic) vs. Right Brain (Creative and Spatial)

Corpus Callosum (divides the brain) vs. Cerebral Cortex (covers the brain)

Sympathetic Nervous System ("flight-or-fight") vs. Parasympathetic (calming)

Neurotransmitters (in the nervous system) vs. Hormones (in the endocrine system)

Lateral Hypothalamus (stimulates hunger) vs. Ventromedial Hypothalamus (suppresses hunger)

Broca's Area (makes words) vs. Wernicke’s Area (comprehends words)

Identical Twins (Same fertilized egg) vs. Fraternal Twins (Two separate eggs)

Afferent Neurons (Sensory, body to the brain) vs. Efferent Neurons (Motor, brain to the body)

Assimilation (All four-legged animals are "doggies") vs. Accommodation ("Doggies are different than "Kitties")

Concrete Operations (logical thinking) vs. Formal Operations (Philosophical thinking)

Sensation (Bottom-up Processing) vs. Perception (Top-Down Processing)

Rods (night vision) vs. Cones (color vision)

Classical Conditioning (Involuntary) vs. Operant Conditioning (Voluntary)

Positive Reinforcement (any reward following a desirable behavior that increases the behavior) vs. Negative Reinforcement (removal of an undesireable stimulus as a reward to increase desired behavior)

Primacy Effect (first items remembered) vs. Recency Effect (last items remembered)

Proactive Interference (loss of the new info) vs. Retroactive Interference (loss of the old info)

Implicit Memory (nondeclarative; skills) vs. Explicit Memory (declarative, facts)

Recall Memory (no cues/fill-in) vs. Recognition Memory (Some hints/multiple choice, matching)

Latent content (what your dream means) vs. Manifest content (the actual storyline of the dream)

Fluid Intelligence ("Brain power") vs. Crystallized Intelligence (Acquired knowledge)

Validity (test measure what it should) vs. Reliability (Same scores on a retest)

Achievement test (What you've learned) vs. Aptitude test (what y6u can do)

Intrinsic Motivation (for personal satisfaction) vs. Extrinsic Motivation (for rewards or to avoid punishment)

Internal Locus (controlling the environment) vs. External Locus (the environment controls you.)