Review for Midterm Part 1: Confusing Pairs

Here are some terms that sound alike but mean different things. Review them! More to come :)

AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW SHEET: "Confusing Pairs"

Independent Variable (What is tested) vs. Dependent Variable (What is measured)
(Ex: Recess to test attention span; recess is independent, attention span is dependent)

Random selection (of subjects for a study) vs. Random Assignment (of subjects to experimental or control groups in a study)

Experimental Group (group that is tested) vs. Control Group (compared to the experimental, i.e. receives the placebo in a drug experiment.)

Left Brain (Language and Logic) vs. Right Brain (Creative and Spatial)

Corpus Callosum (divides the brain) vs. Cerebral Cortex (covers the brain)

Sympathetic Nervous System ("flight-or-fight") vs. Parasympathetic (calming)

Neurotransmitters (in the nervous system) vs. Hormones (in the endocrine system)

Broca's Area (makes words) vs. Wernicke’s Area (comprehends words)

Identical Twins (Same fertilized egg) vs. Fraternal Twins (Two separate eggs)

Afferent Neurons (Sensory, body to the brain) vs. Efferent Neurons Motor, brain to the body)

Assimilation (All four-legged animals are "doggies") vs. Accommodation ("Doggies are different than "Kitties")

Concrete Operations (logical thinking) vs. Formal Operations (Philosophical thinking)

Sensation (Bottom-up Processing) vs. Perception (Top-Down Processing)

Rods (night vision) vs. Cones (color vision)

Classical Conditioning (Involuntary) vs. Operant Conditioning (Voluntary)

Positive Reinforcement (any reward following a desirable behavior that increases the behavior) vs. Negative Reinforcement (ending “time-out” for bad behavior in playtime increases good behavior in playtime)

Primacy Effect (first items remembered) vs. Recency Effect (last items remembered)

Proactive Interference (loss of the new info) vs. Retroactive Interference (loss of the old info)

Implicit Memory (nondeclarative; skills) vs. Explicit Memory (declarative, facts)

Recall Memory (no cues/fill-in) vs. Recognition Memory (Some hints/multiple choice, matching)

Ch. 18 HW

Video
You will watch this video of Philip Zimbardo talking about what makes good people do bad things.
You may use this video to help you complete your chart from class, as he reviews both the Milgram experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment.
Be aware that it includes graphic images from Abu Graib for discussion purposes.
Take notes.
http://www.ted.com/talks/philip_zimbardo_on_the_psychology_of_evil.html


Watch for the awesome example of the African-American hero on the NY subway! Think about what makes normal people do heroic things.

Also check out the official site of the Stanford Prison Experiment for more video clips from the original study (click on "begin slideshow," and the slideshow has a bunch of video clips in it): http://prisonexp.org/

Be sure to complete your online quizzes! You should have already done each quiz for the Prologue through Ch. 9, and you will complete the two Ch. 18 quizzes for homework this week.
www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e

Check out a bunch of other cool social psych stuff online in my links: www.ikeepbookmarks.com/lara_herrera (click on the folder called Psych Ch. 18 Social Psych)

The Ch. 18 QUEST will be at the end of the period
Friday, Jan. 7 (odd)
Monday, Jan. 10 (even)

Winter Break Assignment

1. You will be reading the most interesting chapter in your book: CHAPTER 18 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY!!! Complete your notecards (definitions with examples) and outline. This is due on the first day you get back.

2. Complete ALL of the online quizzes for the Prologue and Chapters 1 through 9 that you haven't already done. The website is www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e
Make sure you have created a student account with your name my correct email address: Lara.Herrera@BrowardSchools.com
Be sure to try your best and take your time the first time through. You should earn at least a "C" on every quiz.

Have a fun and safe winter break!!!
Mrs. H

Chapter 7 Sleep and Dream Journal

Sleep Record
Create a CHART and record the following data for at least THREE (3) nights (be sure to record data from at least one non-school night where you can get up whenever you want in the morning):

1. Time you fall asleep
2. Time you woke up
3. Number of hours you slept total
   
4. Number of times you woke up during the night and why
   
5. Amount of caffeine in the hours before bed, and at what time(s) (one cola, etc.)
   
6. How you woke up: on your own or by alarm/other person
7. If you remember having any dreams on this night

Dream Journal
Be sure to write down at least ONE dream from this week in detail. Even people who claim they never dream will recall a dream if awakened during the REM sleep stage. Everyone dreams every night. You may have greater success remembering your dreams if you use these tips:

• Keep a pen and paper next to your bed
  
• At night before bed, tell yourself that you'll remember and write your dream in the morning
• When you wake up, stay laying down with your eyes closed(remember context-dependent memory!) and think about what you were just dreaming
• With the lights still dim, write whatever pieces of your dream you are remembering on the paper you have next to your bed
• If you try the above one night and it doesn't work, try setting you alarm for ten minutes before you normally wake up the next day. You might be able to catch yourself in a the REM (dream) stage that way.

Sweet dreams!

Other HW: Read/outline/cards Ch. 7 ... sleep, sleep disorders, dreams!