Review for Midterm Part 1: Confusing Pairs

Here are some terms that sound alike but mean different things. Review them! More to come :)

AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW SHEET: "Confusing Pairs"

Independent Variable (What is tested) vs. Dependent Variable (What is measured)
(Ex: Recess to test attention span; recess is independent, attention span is dependent)

Random selection (of subjects for a study) vs. Random Assignment (of subjects to experimental or control groups in a study)

Experimental Group (group that is tested) vs. Control Group (compared to the experimental, i.e. receives the placebo in a drug experiment.)

Left Brain (Language and Logic) vs. Right Brain (Creative and Spatial)

Corpus Callosum (divides the brain) vs. Cerebral Cortex (covers the brain)

Sympathetic Nervous System ("flight-or-fight") vs. Parasympathetic (calming)

Neurotransmitters (in the nervous system) vs. Hormones (in the endocrine system)

Broca's Area (makes words) vs. Wernicke’s Area (comprehends words)

Identical Twins (Same fertilized egg) vs. Fraternal Twins (Two separate eggs)

Afferent Neurons (Sensory, body to the brain) vs. Efferent Neurons Motor, brain to the body)

Assimilation (All four-legged animals are "doggies") vs. Accommodation ("Doggies are different than "Kitties")

Concrete Operations (logical thinking) vs. Formal Operations (Philosophical thinking)

Sensation (Bottom-up Processing) vs. Perception (Top-Down Processing)

Rods (night vision) vs. Cones (color vision)

Classical Conditioning (Involuntary) vs. Operant Conditioning (Voluntary)

Positive Reinforcement (any reward following a desirable behavior that increases the behavior) vs. Negative Reinforcement (ending “time-out” for bad behavior in playtime increases good behavior in playtime)

Primacy Effect (first items remembered) vs. Recency Effect (last items remembered)

Proactive Interference (loss of the new info) vs. Retroactive Interference (loss of the old info)

Implicit Memory (nondeclarative; skills) vs. Explicit Memory (declarative, facts)

Recall Memory (no cues/fill-in) vs. Recognition Memory (Some hints/multiple choice, matching)

Ch. 18 HW

Video
You will watch this video of Philip Zimbardo talking about what makes good people do bad things.
You may use this video to help you complete your chart from class, as he reviews both the Milgram experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment.
Be aware that it includes graphic images from Abu Graib for discussion purposes.
Take notes.
http://www.ted.com/talks/philip_zimbardo_on_the_psychology_of_evil.html


Watch for the awesome example of the African-American hero on the NY subway! Think about what makes normal people do heroic things.

Also check out the official site of the Stanford Prison Experiment for more video clips from the original study (click on "begin slideshow," and the slideshow has a bunch of video clips in it): http://prisonexp.org/

Be sure to complete your online quizzes! You should have already done each quiz for the Prologue through Ch. 9, and you will complete the two Ch. 18 quizzes for homework this week.
www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e

Check out a bunch of other cool social psych stuff online in my links: www.ikeepbookmarks.com/lara_herrera (click on the folder called Psych Ch. 18 Social Psych)

The Ch. 18 QUEST will be at the end of the period
Friday, Jan. 7 (odd)
Monday, Jan. 10 (even)